What is the value of first information report and what is the effect of delay in lodging such report?

A First Information Report (FIR) is a written document prepared by the police in many countries, including India, to officially record information about a cognizable offense (an offense for which a police officer can arrest without a warrant) when it comes to their knowledge. The FIR is an important legal document as it sets the process of criminal justice in motion.

The value of an FIR lies in its role in initiating the legal process. It serves several purposes:

1. Legal Requirement: In many jurisdictions, filing an FIR is a legal requirement for the police to initiate an investigation into a criminal offense.
2. Preservation of Evidence: It helps in the preservation of evidence related to the crime. Timely reporting ensures that the evidence is fresh and can be more effectively collected and documented.
3. Identification of Accused: FIR helps in identifying the accused and provides details that can aid in their apprehension.
4. Protection of the Informant: The person filing the FIR is provided legal protection against any harassment or coercion by the accused.

Now, regarding the effect of a delay in lodging an FIR:

1. Loss of Evidence: With time, crucial evidence may be lost, tampered with, or destroyed. Delay can make it challenging for investigators to collect and preserve important information.
2. Diminished Credibility: A delayed FIR may raise questions about its credibility. The court and investigators may scrutinize the reasons behind the delay, and this could affect the overall strength of the case.
3. Witness Memory: Over time, memories can fade, and witnesses may forget details, making it harder to establish the facts of the case.
4. Impact on Investigation: A delay can impact the efficiency of the investigation, making it more difficult for law enforcement to trace and apprehend the accused.

While filing an FIR promptly is important for a robust legal process, a delay can have adverse effects on the quality and success of the investigation. It is generally advisable to report a crime as soon as possible to ensure a swift and effective response from law enforcement.